International Korean Phonetic Alphabet - Its Application in MS Word
in London and revised on several occasions thereafter, the IKPA has been devised
mainly on the basis of the articulatory phonetic(organic) principles adopted by King
Sejong in creating "Hangeul", the Korean alphabet(originally "HunMinJeongEum" 訓
民正音) of 28 letters in 1443 for Koreans.
1.2 Lee has applied the phonetic principles much more extensively and
systematically in formulating the IKPA than King Sejong had done to make sure that
the IKPA symbols are just as systematic, scientific, and easy to learn and memorize as
the Korean alphabet. Furthermore, the IKPA symbols are clearly more systematic,
organic and mnemonic than the IPA counterparts which, having been derived mainly
from Roman and Greek letters, are mostly unsystematic mass of arbitrary symbols.
1.3 The basic principles embodied in the making of the IKPA may be
summarized as follows : 1) Using all Korean letters in current use, 2) Reviving the 4
extinct letters, 3) Deriving and designing new symbols, where necessary, by addition
and subtraction of one or more strokes of various forms to and from the basic letters, 4)
Using diacritical marks to represent minute differentiation of speech sounds.
1.4 The forms of the IKPA symbols represent or reflect the articulatory organs in
action, i.e., lips, tongue, teeth, throat, etc. For instance, velar sounds /k/, /g/, /x/ etc. are
all represented by the shape of the tongue touching or approaching the soft palate. In
other words, the IKPA symbols literally visualize or mirror the actual speech organs or
their movements and thus tell us exactly what kind of articulatory actions are involved
in producing sounds. It is in this sense that the IKPA is rightly called "A Universal
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