Diet and Kidney Stones
Diet and
Kidney
Stones
A guide to healthy
eating for people with
kidney stones
Stone Prevention Clinic
A provincial program at
St. Michael's Hospital
in conjunction with
The University of Toronto
University of Toronto
The Kidney Stone Centre
www.kidneystone.org
Form No. 69134 Rev. 01/2003
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Prepared by: Clinical Dietitians, Nephrologists,
and Registered Nurses
Stone Prevention Clinic
The Kidney Stone Centre
Diabetes Comprehesive Care Program
St. Michael's Hospital
Recommended Reading:
"No More Kidney Stones"
by John S. Rodman, MD.
Cynthia Seidman, RD
Rory Jones
Artwork by: Denis Ouellette
Important telephone numbers
The risk of forming kidney stones is related
to factors such as inheritance, gender, age,
occupation, metabolic disturbances within
the body, urinary tract infections, eating
habits, and fluid intake.
K
idney stones can be prevented or
controlled by dietary intervention or
↑↑
↑↑
↑
FLUID INTAKE
↓↓
↓↓
↓ CALCIUM (only if excessive)
↓↓
↓↓
↓ OXALATE
↓↓
↓↓
↓ SODIUM / SALT
↓↓
↓↓
↓ ANIMAL PROTEIN
The following diet modifications are suggested:
Instructions might need to be modified by
your physician or dietitian depending upon
your individual requirements.
The 24-hour urine collection gives an
indication of the risk factors present. The
diet can be modified to change the chemical
composition of the urine with the aim of
reducing the risk of kidney stone formation.
LOW urine output (less than 2L per day)
LOW urine magnesium citrate
HIGH urine calcium
oxalate
sodium
uric acid
The most common stones are those
composed of calcium and oxalate crystals.
Foods in the diet, along with chemical
reactions within the body, result in the
release of chemical “salts” in the urine.
The following risk factors increase one’s
chances of forming calcium oxalate stones:
medication. The intent of this booklet is to
provide information to people who have
kidney stones.
z
Add ½ cup concentrated (Real Lemon)
lemon juice to 2 litre (8 cups) water and
drink over the day to increase urine
citrates. Citrates help to prevent stones
from forming naturally.
Drink at least 10 to 12 cups (2.5 to 3 L)
per day. Half of all fluids taken should
preferably be water.
Fluids
Drinking enough fluid each day will help
to wash chemical salts or crystals through
the kidneys before stones have a chance
to form.
In hot, humid weather conditions, it is
important to increase fluid intakes to
make up for losses due to perspiration
from the skin.
Limit alcohol and caffeine beverages,
avoid tea, Coke, Pepsi, Root Beer, Dr.
Pepper.
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